![]() Any development that is healthy and able to survive has its roots in the past, is a living plant in the present, and should have leaves in the future.Īccepting the tree symbol, caring for the roots, the plant and the leaves means to take on a lot of responsibility. In everything we do, we have to accept a certain law, which I would like to call the tree symbol. ![]() But before we embark upon this historical excursion, which will give us a feel for the cultural stream we are standing in and bring us to the present practices, let us consider our problem from the most distant ring that formed in the water when we threw our pebble into it – the ring that represents the philosophy behind everything. Though one could go back even further, Xenophon is a perfect point of departure for the study of the history of riding. When discussing riding to music, we must backtrack a lot, actually to the times of Xenophon. This all leads to a certain philosophy – a philosophy about riding, and about riding to music, in particular. To formulate a concept of it, one must not only study its present development, but also trace its roots in order to find a key to its future development. In other words, as soon as one finds the answer to a question, new questions appear. Whenever one starts to think about something, it’s like throwing a pebble in water, which makes a lot of rings. ![]() Gabriela Grillo was a member of the gold medal winning German Olympic team at Montreal – and her performance in the Freestyle at Lausanne on Ultimo, is a video treasure, replayed countless times, and every time the walk pirouette flows effortlessly into canter pirouette, it takes the breath away. With Freestyle to Music now a Championship – and an Olympic event, we are proud to publish an essay by Gabriela Grillo, the rider-cum-musicologist, who through her own entrancing Freestyle performances, did so much to create an audience for the new equestrian art. Gabriela played a key rôle in the development of the Kür, as a rider, but also as a theorist, as a trained musician who worked to combine the classical principles of dressage with music that was appropriate and sympathetic…Īn essay by Gabriela Grillo (this article originally appeared in the American journal – Dressage & CT) Back in 1991, THM was privileged to publish this piece by Gabriela Grillo.
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In the US, all 50 states have adopted licensure. He was the founder of a firm of landscape architects who employed highly skilled professionals to design and execute aspects of projects designed under his auspices.ĭepending on the jurisdiction, landscape architects who pass state requirements to become registered, licensed, or certified may be entitled to use the postnominal letters RLA, LLA, or CLA, respectively. The title, "landscape architect", was first used by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park in Manhattan and numerous projects of large scale both public and private. In the 1700s, Humphry Repton described his occupation as "landscape gardener" on business cards he had prepared to represent him in work that now would be described as that of a landscape architect. ![]() However, this article examines the modern profession and educational discipline of those practicing the design of landscape architecture. The practice of landscape architecture dates to some of the earliest of human cultures and just as much as the practice of medicine has been inimical to the species and ubiquitous worldwide for several millennia. Designer of public spaces Business card for eighteenth century landscape architect Humphry Repton, by Thomas Medland Landscape architects Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux and the team they gathered to execute the Greensward Plan, their 1858 design for Central Park in Manhattan, photographed in 1862 at the park standing on the pathway atop the span of the Willowdell Arch ( from the left: Andrew Haswell Green, George Waring, Vaux, Ignaz Anton Pilat, Jacob Wrey Mould, and Olmsted) ![]() The agency’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office, established in 2016 and led by Johnson, has brought together efforts dating back to the 1990s to make early detections of potentially hazardous space rocks. Protecting the planet is a task that Congress has increasingly asked of NASA. ![]() DART would also be equipped with the Roll Out Solar Array that was tested in June at the International Space Station. Designers have ideas about how to scale up the concept for kilometer-class objects too, should that ever be necessary.Įditor’s note: In the illustration at the top of this page, A solar electric propulsion engine glows in the rendering of the proposed Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, spacecraft. The DART technique could in theory be applied on smaller objects, but the trick would be to spot those far enough away and get enough lead time, something that can’t reliably be done now because of the dimness of these objects at considerable distances. If DART makes it off the drawing board and works as planned, NASA will have demonstrated a technique for protecting us from what is the most likely risk from space: a collision with a Didymoon-size asteroid that could gouge out a crater at least a kilometer wide and hurl searing heat and debris for tens of kilometers. The behemoth that wiped out the dinosaurs and 75 percent of Earth’s species measured an estimated 10 km across. The 1908 asteroid or comet that leveled a forest near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in Siberia was probably just twice Chelyabinsk’s size. For a sense of scale, the asteroid that blazed into the atmosphere as a meteor over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013 measured only about 20 meters across, NASA estimates. For Lindley Johnson, NASA’s planetary defense officer and a DART leader, the “mission is deeply exciting” because it would demonstrate autonomous navigation software for a guided-missile-like strike, show off a next-generation thruster powered by sunlight and electricity, not to mention how NASA might someday “‘save the world,’ so to speak,” as Johnson puts it.ĭidymoon’s name might be amusing, but an asteroid of its size, 160 meters across, could do enormous damage, although short of endangering the entire world. DART would be “the first demonstration of a kinetic impactor and we want to know that it works if we ever have a realistic threat,” says Cheryl Reed, the DART project manager at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland. There is no shortage of enthusiasm in some quarters to get this mission done. Over a span of millions of kilometers, the cumulative trajectory change would turn a collision with a genuinely Earth-bound asteroid or comet into a safe, albeit nerve-wracking, close shave. Didymoon is no threat to Earth, but this kind of slight momentum transfer might well save us from catastrophe from other objects. The punch of the sacrificial spacecraft should alter the moonlet’s orbit around its host asteroid by a tiny, yet measurable amount. The rendezvous would be short-lived, though, for DART’s goal is to intentionally plow right into Didymoon. This spacecraft would cruise toward the asteroid Didymos, arriving in its vicinity in October 2022 when the object and its moonlet, nicknamed Didymoon, make a near but harmless sweep past Earth. DART received the agency’s go-ahead in June to enter a preliminary design phase. NASA is preparing the kinetic impactor portion of the mission, a proposed spacecraft dubbed DART, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test. The mission would consist of two spacecraft, one to strike a small asteroid and hopefully nudge it onto a slightly new course, and the other to watch and characterize the collision up close. Planners of a proposed 2020 mission called AIDA (pronounced “eye-EE-duh”), the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment, are proceeding on that planetary defense front. Knowing about a threat is one thing mitigating it is another. The house-sized space rock, designated 2012 TC4, will miss Earth by 50,000 kilometers - a mere fifth of the moon’s remove. 12, 2017, a hefty asteroid will give our planet a shot across the bow. Managers of proposed mission hope to protect Earth from giant space rocks Course corrector By Adam Hadhazy | October 2017 |
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